Digambara Jain Naya Mandir: A Resilient Symbol of Reverence and Harmony

The Digambara Jain Naya Mandir, often simply referred to as the Naya Mandir, is a significant religious site located in the heart of Old Delhi. This temple is not only a place of worship for the Jain community but also a testament to the rich cultural and architectural heritage of the region.

In this article, we will explore the historical significance, architectural features, beliefs of Digambara Jainism, a guide to visiting Jain temples, and other notable Jain temples in Old Delhi.

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Historical Significance

The Digambara Jain Naya Mandir was constructed in 1807 during the rule of Mughal Emperor Akbar II. It was built by Raja Harsukh Rai, an influential figure in the Mughal court and a prominent Agrawal Jain merchant. The temple was established in an area that had been granted to the Jain community for their contributions to the imperial court, particularly during the reign of Aurangzeb.

The temple is often referred to as "Naya Mandir" (New Temple) to distinguish it from the older Lal Mandir, which was built in 1656. The construction of Naya Mandir was significant as it marked a resurgence of Jain architectural influence in Delhi at a time when the community was facing challenges due to the changing political landscape.

The temple is also associated with a fascinating legend involving Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. It is said that he was disturbed by the sounds of musical instruments emanating from the temple, leading him to send servants to investigate. Despite thorough searches, no musicians could be found, adding an air of mystery to the temple's history.

Architectural Marvels

The architectural style of the Digambara Jain Naya Mandir is a striking example of Mughal and Jain influences.

• Facade: The temple boasts a finely carved stone facade, showcasing a level of craftsmanship that creates an illusion of delicacy and lightness, making it hard to believe the material is stone.
• Courtyard: Upon entering, visitors are greeted by a courtyard surrounded by Moorish arches, which are adorned with colonnades. These arches are made of polished white marble, inlaid with colorful floral patterns, adding to the temple's aesthetic appeal.
• Ceiling: The ceilings of the colonnades are richly painted with graceful arabesques in blue and gold, creating a soft yet opulent atmosphere.
• Central Shrine: The main shrine is elevated on a marble platform known as vedi, where the idol of Lord Adinatha, the first Tirthankar, is enshrined. This idol is sculpted from Makrana marble and is placed under a beautifully designed baldachino of white inlaid marble.

Decorative Elements

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The inlay work on the marble platform and the shafts of the arches is a testament to the meticulous craftsmanship, featuring intricate floral designs that enhance the temple's beauty.

The temple includes additional platforms adorned with idols of the 1008 Tirthankaras, creating a divine atmosphere. The original temple featured a single platform, but a new one was added after the 1857 rebellion to accommodate rescued sacred images.

The temple is believed to house a concealed chamber, or bhonyra, designed to protect sacred artifacts during turbulent times. This chamber is said to have been transformed into a meditation space for visiting Jain monks.

Digambara Jainism Beliefs

Digambara Jainism is one of the two main sects of Jainism, the other being Svetambara. The term "Digambara" translates to "sky-clad," referring to the practice of asceticism where monks renounce all material possessions and do not wear clothing. This sect emphasizes the following beliefs:

• Ahimsa (Non-violence): A core principle of Jainism, advocating for the protection of all living beings.
• Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness): The belief in detachment from material possessions and desires.
• Tirthankaras: Digambaras revere 24 Tirthankaras, with Mahavir being the last and most revered. They believe that Tirthankaras are enlightened beings who have attained liberation and serve as spiritual guides.
• Moksha (Liberation): The ultimate goal in Digambara Jainism is to achieve liberation from the cycle of birth and death through self-discipline, meditation, and ethical living.

Historical Jain Temples

Jainism has a rich history in Delhi, with several ancient temples that reflect the community's cultural and religious heritage. In addition to the Digambara Jain Naya Mandir, Old Delhi is home to several other Jain temples that are worth exploring:

• Lal Mandir: Built in 1656, this is one of the oldest Jain temples in Delhi, dedicated to Tirthankara Parshvanath. Situated opposite the Red Fort, this temple is famous for its bird hospital and serene environment.
• Shri Digambar Jain Mandir, Chandni Chowk: Located near the bustling market, this temple is known for its beautiful architecture and vibrant atmosphere.
• Shri Jain Mandir, Gauri Shankar: Another significant temple in the area, known for its intricate carvings and rich history.
• Shri Jain Mandir, Kucha Ustad Hamid: A smaller temple that reflects the local Jain community's devotion and architectural style.

Guide to Visiting Jain Temples

Visiting Jain temples can be a spiritually enriching experience. Here are some tips for travelers planning to visit the Digambara Jain Naya Mandir and other Jain temples:

• Dress Modestly: Visitors are expected to dress conservatively. It is advisable to wear clothing that covers shoulders and knees.
• Remove Shoes and Leather Items: As a sign of respect, shoes and leather items must be removed before entering the temple premises.
• Timing: Jain temples typically have specific visiting hours. The Naya Mandir is open in the morning, and it is best to visit during these hours to experience the tranquility of the temple.
• Participate in Rituals: Visitors are often welcome to observe and participate in rituals, but it is essential to follow the guidance of temple priests and caretakers.
• Respect the Environment: Jainism places great emphasis on non-violence and respect for all living beings. Visitors should be mindful of their surroundings and avoid littering.
• Engage with the Community: Many Jain temples host community events and festivals. Engaging with local devotees can provide deeper insights into Jain beliefs and practices.

How to Get There

By Metro

The nearest metro station to Digambara Jain Naya Mandir is Chandni Chowk on the Yellow Line. From the metro station, visitors can either walk to Digambara Jain Naya Mandir or take a rickshaw for a short ride through the narrow lanes of Old Delhi.

By Bus

Delhi's extensive bus network connects various parts of the city, including Old Delhi. Travelers can take a bus to Chandni Chowk or Delhi Gate, both of which are within walking distance of Digambara Jain Naya Mandir.

By Taxi

Taxis and ride-sharing services like Uber and Ola are readily available in Delhi. Visitors can book a ride to Digambara Jain Naya Mandir, providing a convenient option for those unfamiliar with the city's public transport system.

Entry and Timings

Visitors can enter the Digambara Jain Naya Mandir free of charge. The temple is open all days of the week, but has different timings depending on the season.

It is recommended to spend about 1 to 2 hours exploring the temple and its surroundings. Photography is generally not allowed inside the temple, so it’s advisable to respect this rule.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Digambara Jain Naya Mandir in Old Delhi is during the cooler months, from October to March. Here's what to expect during these periods:

October to November

These months mark the transition from the monsoon season to winter. The weather is pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F), making it comfortable for exploring the bustling streets and historical sites.

December to February

This is winter in Delhi, with cooler temperatures averaging between 7°C to 20°C (45°F to 68°F). The weather is generally dry, and it’s a great time for sightseeing. However, mornings can be foggy, so plan your visits accordingly.

March

March marks the beginning of spring, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). The weather is pleasant, and it's a great time to explore the area before the summer heat sets in.

Practical Tips for Travelers

• Crowds: October to March is peak tourist season, especially around festivals like Diwali (October/November) and Christmas. Expect larger crowds, particularly in popular areas like Chandni Chowk.
• Events: The winter months often feature various cultural festivals and events, enhancing the experience of visiting historical sites.
• Clothing: Dress in layers during winter, as temperatures can drop significantly in the evenings. Comfortable walking shoes are essential for navigating the narrow lanes of Chandni Chowk.
• Accommodation: Book your accommodation in advance, as hotels can fill up quickly during peak tourist season.
• Stay Hydrated: Carry water with you, especially during warmer months, to stay hydrated while exploring.
• Plan Your Visit During Off-Peak Hours: To avoid large crowds and enjoy a more peaceful experience, consider visiting the lane during off-peak hours, such as early mornings or late afternoons.
• Be Cautious of Traffic: The streets of Old Delhi can be congested with vehicles and pedestrians. Exercise caution while navigating the lanes.
• Bargain Wisely: If shopping for local crafts, be prepared to negotiate prices, as haggling is common in markets.
• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of local customs and traditions, especially when visiting religious sites like Digambara Jain Naya Mandir.
• Explore with an Open Mind: Old Delhi is a sensory overload of sights, sounds, and smells. Embrace the chaos and enjoy the unique experiences it offers.

Nearby Places to Explore

Red Fort

A short distance from Digambara Jain Naya Mandir, the Red Fort is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a symbol of India's rich history. Explore its magnificent architecture and learn about its significance in India's struggle for independence. The fort hosts a sound and light show in the evenings, narrating the history of Delhi.

Chandni Chowk Market

One of Delhi's oldest and busiest markets, Chandni Chowk offers a sensory overload of sights, sounds, and smells. From street food to traditional garments, this market is a must-visit.

Fatehpuri Masjid

Located at the western end of Chandni Chowk, Fatehpuri Masjid is another beautiful mosque built during the Mughal era. Its serene environment provides a stark contrast to the bustling market outside. The mosque is an architectural marvel, with its intricate carvings and spacious courtyard.

Paranthe Wali Gali

A famous lane in Chandni Chowk known for its variety of paranthas (stuffed flatbreads). This foodie paradise is a must-visit for anyone looking to indulge in traditional Delhi cuisine. The paranthas are served with a variety of accompaniments, including chutneys, pickles, and curries.

Sis Ganj Gurudwara

A significant Sikh shrine, Sis Ganj Gurudwara is located near Chandni Chowk. The gurudwara commemorates the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru. It's a place of peace and spirituality, offering a calm respite from the hustle and bustle of the market.

Chunnamal Haveli

Located in the heart of Chandni Chowk, Chunnamal Haveli is one of the few remaining grand havelis of Old Delhi. It showcases the opulence of the 19th century and offers a peek into the lifestyle of the wealthy merchant class of that era.

Khari Baoli

Khari Baoli, nestled in Old Delhi, is Asia’s largest spice market, offering a vibrant sensory experience. Bursting with colorful spices, dried fruits, and herbs, this bustling bazaar is a must-visit for culinary enthusiasts and those seeking an authentic slice of Delhi’s rich trading heritage.

Kinari Bazaar

Kinari Bazaar in Old Delhi is a bustling marketplace renowned for its glittering wedding decorations, vibrant fabrics, and intricate trimmings. This lively bazaar is a haven for brides-to-be and craft enthusiasts, offering an array of ornate ribbons, laces, and traditional embellishments, capturing the essence of Indian celebrations.

Echoes of Harmony

Amidst the bustling streets of Old Delhi, the Digambara Jain Naya Mandir offers a tranquil haven where visitors can immerse themselves in an atmosphere of serenity. So, if you're planning a visit to India's capital, consider taking some time to explore this fascinating corner of Old Delhi – the Digambara Jain Naya Mandir awaits you with its calm and peaceful embrace.